H & E.J. Dale carried on the business of F.J. Cox at the old address of 26 Ludgate Hill, the BJA advertisement for 1884 says the business is managed by C.D. Smith and that they have their own works, probably Kirby Street.

The 26 Ludgate Hill address was occupied by Price, Talbot & Co. in 1890 and then Price & Co. from 1891, both described as camera manufacturers.

John Henry Dallmeyer (b.1832, d.1883) was described as an optician living at West Heath Rd in the 1881 census. Prior to establishing his own company in 1860 he was working for Andrew Ross. In 1854 he married Hannah Ross daughter of Andrew Ross. His sons were Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer (b.1859, d.1906) and Richard Dallmeyer (b.1870). A portrait of T.R. Dallmeyer is shown on the frontispiece of the 1909 BJA.

The move to Newman St. took place on the 1st Feb 1888, the move to Mortimer St. took place on 30 Sep 1925. The Denzil Rd and Church End addresses are possibly the same location or Denzil Rd may nave been temporary offices used until the main site was complete; Denzil Road and Willesden High Road are in the same area and linked by Dallmeyer Road.

Cyril Frederick Lan-Davis (b.1887, d.1915), was a director of the company and author of 'Telephotography'.

Robert Dawes, William Cameron Simpson, Listed as apparatus manufacturers but elsewhere described as commissioning agents.

Until around 1910 Dockree was working with Houghtons (patents were issued in their joint names). From c.1910 he was trading under the name of Walter Dockree & Co. In 1915 he joined Staley, Shew & Co. who continued to sell the Britisher Reflex that was made by Dockree. Staley, Shew traded for only a few years. Dockree then worked for, or collaborated with, Houghton-Butcher on their reflex cameras. Staley's 1916 BJA advertisement states that Dockree has joined the new company and that he was the manufacturer of the Britisher Reflex. Walter Dockree b.1874.

The Drem company was founded around 1924 by Dr. Emil Mayer. The directors of the London firm are given as Dr. Emil Mayer and Alfred Oglesby. Sands & Hunter were at the same address.

Spicer-Dufay Ltd was formed around 1932, Ilford were share holders. A year later Ilford's stake increased and the company name changed to Spicer-Dufay (British) Ltd. From this time Ilford were handling the manufacture and distribution of Dufay Colour film. In 1936 Dufay-Chromex was formed to handle the distribution, Ilford's involvement decreased from around 1938 though they were still involved in the manufacturing process.

Matthew William Dunscombe took over the business of Braham & Co., to whom he had been an apprentice, in 1863. He was primarily an optician but supplied other optical goods including cameras. Still advertising cameras in the 1950s.

Established in 1893, they briefly became part of Britannia Works in 1895 then resumed business under the previous name. Moved to Warwick around October 1898. The manufacture of roll-film started in 1902. Part of the BPI group from 1915. Edwards was part owner, along with Nelson, Dale & Co, of the Warwick Dry Plate Co.

B.J. Edwards was a photographer and manufacturer of items such as collodion, from around 1881 he started producing dry-plates. Edwards were the first, in 1887, to make Orthochromatic plates in Britain. The firm became a limited company in 1900, in the 1906 BJA their advertisement states that the founder (B.J. Edwards) now has control of the company once more. The company was acquired by Leto Photo Materials Co. (1905) Ltd. in 1909. The Ealing works remained and 'Edwards' became a brand name. Benjamin Joseph Edwards (b.1838, d.1914) was the father of Austin Edwards (b.1865), after retirement from 'B.J. Edwards' he started a small factory - Wisto - in Hayes Middlesex. A photograph of B.J. Edwards is in the BJA 1926.

In the BJA of 1880 a photographic printers is advertised as B.J. Edwards & Co. at 61 Fleet St.

In 1898 W. Edwards retired from the business, his grandson F. Edwards Brown then managed the firm. The firm purchased the factory and machinery (i.e. for apparatus manufacture) of the European Blair Company and manufactured the Hawkmoth camera and other items. The firm was bankrupt in 1900.

Charles Earp Elliott, dealer and importer. Sometimes styled City of London Photographic Stores.

Originally the printing works of Elliott & Fry; in 1887 this part of the business was bought out by J.J. Elliott becoming Elliott & Son which went on to manufacture photographic plates and papers. Elliott remained a partner in Elliott & Fry until the partnership was ended in 1893. The sales division became part of Barnet Ensign from 1945.

Joseph John Elliott, b.14/10/1835, d.30/03/1903.

Primarily printers, enlargers and retouchers. From the late 1890s they sold the Apek range of cameras, some of which were imported from America.

Heinrich Ernemann (b.1850, d.1297) founded the company in 1889. The change to a limited liability company was around 1899.

The European Blair Camera Co. imported cameras from the United States, they also manufactured film, plates and, for a time, cameras in the UK. The company was wound up in 1903. In 1896 they purchased the Premier Dry Plate Co. of Notting Hill. In 1899 the offices moved to The Mills, Foots Cray, Kent. A factory at Chalk Farm is also mentioned. Following the winding up of the company the factory and machinery were purchased by the firm of F. Edwards Brown.

Formed in 1902 by the amalgamation of Evans & Sons and Lescher & Webb. Evans, Sons & Co. sold cameras under the Hannover brand name.

Jonathan Fallowfield (b.1835, d.1920) opened a chemist shop in 1856 probably in partnership with William Jameson who retired in 1859. The sale of photographic supplies dates to 1860 or before. In 1888 the firm was bought by F.W. Hindley (d.1925). In 1930 the directors are given as F. Duncan Hindley, H.J. Traise and E.J. Collier. The Charing Cross and later addresses were often styled 'Central Photographic Stores'. The BJA of 1898 shows an illustration of the Charing Cross Road address, the BJA of 1925 shows illustrations of the Newman St. premises.

Fallowfield was born in the Brixton area where he lived for all of his life. Frank Miall, associated with Fallowfield cameras, was also from this area.

The image on the right shows the Lower Marsh building, the image far right shows the Oakley St. building.

The Photographic Dealer has a report of a visit to the factory, it states that the firm makes wooden cameras as well as many other items.

Manufacturers of camera brass-work, they may also have manufactured cameras as several wooden models carry their name plate.

Louis Aubrey Franks (b.1854) was generally known as Aubrey. He (unless there was a second person of that name) was at 95 Deansgate (and 2,4 King St.) trading as L.A. Franks when made bankrupt in 1879, shortly after that date Aubrey Franks was at 95 Deansgate, trading as A. Franks, optician. The partnership between Aubrey and Benjamin Franks, trading as A & B Franks at 95 Deansgate, was dissolved in 1897.

The Fry Manufacturing Co. was wound up at the end of 1890, the partners were Samuel Herbert Fry and Arthur Eugene Hayman. Samuel Herbert Fry was shown as the manager of Samuel Fry & Co. in the mid 1880s. Samuel Fry & Co. Ltd, an early supplier of gelatine dry plates, was wound up in September 1889. In 1869 the firm was advertising as printers and enlargers.

The firm was established in 1885 by Louis Gandolfi who had previously worked for Lejeune & Perken. Gandolfi made extensively for the trade (e.g. Watson, Sands & Hunter) and supplied many government departments with specialised cameras.

The Gandolfi family lived at the Old Kent Rd premises and later at the Hall Rd address. At his death the effects of Louis Gandolfi (b. 1864 Clerkenwell, d.22/1/1932) amounted to the considerable sum of £1505. The business was continued by his three sons: Thomas Joseph, b.1890; Frederick Louis, b.1905 and Arthur Ernest b.1907.

Agents for Ica, Ernemann and Mimosa prior to the formation of Garner & Peeling in 1927.

Formed around 1931 after Garner & Peeling was dissolved. Agents for Ihagee. Later (1940) at 103 The Ridge. Orpington.

Garner & Peeling was formed in 1927 as agents for Zeiss-Ikon in the UK. The firm was wound up at the end of 1930 when Zeiss-Ikon Ltd was formed. C. Garner had previously been the agent for Ica and Ernemann; Peeling & Van Neck (which continued in business) had been the agent for Goerz. After the firm was wound-up Garner formed Garner & Jones which handled Ihagee in the UK.

Retailer, especially of high quality cameras. Gask was previously a manager at London Stereoscopic. Arthur Henry Gask b.1877, Hoxton.

Established in January 1895, T.E.H. Bullen was Managing Director, T. Thorne Baker was chemist to the firm and, in 1904, a director. Bullen resigned in 1904. Curiously the company was wound up in 1901 and reformed.

Founded on 28th June 1894 by Lieven Gevaert (b.1869, d.1935). From 1899 their products were distributed in Britain by L. Trapp & Co. Budge Row London. In 1909 an office under their own name was opened in London.

The firm handled the distribution of Goerz products in the UK, it was wound up during WW1 under the 'trading with the enemy' act. Paul Ponge ran the business when it was founded.

Manufactured an exposure meter.

Gotz were importers and dealers but also patented their own equipment including a shutter and a camera (BP 10594/1885). Their photographic involvement seems to have ended in the late 1890s. John Rudolph Gotz.

An 1854 catalogue mentions a Richard Griffin & Co. of Glasgow. The Playfair Collection catalogue states that the brothers Richard Thomas and John Joseph Griffin set up as dealers and manufacturers of chemical apparatus in Glasgow. This may have been as early as 1826 and was certainly before 1837 for which date there is an apparatus catalogue. The London branch was started around 1848.

Charles Griffin was running the firm in 1885 when discharged from bankruptcy. John Ross Griffin (d.1921), grandson of John Joseph G., worked at the firm at some point. For a short time, c.1890 - c.1892, Robert C. Murray managed the photographic side of Griffin. A.W. Green ran the photographic side from 1911 taking over from a Mr. Ibetson.

Griffin's involvement in photographic supplies expanded in the late 1890s and early 1900s. They were distributors for Velox paper and still manufactured albumen paper. Griffin took over the sensitised paper business of J.D. Mucklow in 1900.

Griffiths' earliest advertisements are for photo-lithography and printing services. Enlargers were later sold as a speciality of the firm. In the 1890s cameras were patented and manufactured, in particular the Guinea detective camera. The limited company was formed in 1901 with capital of £2000 and wound up in 1905.

An advertisement shows a field camera together with enlarging and printing apparatus. The trade mark 'Delograph' was used. The advertisement, from 1894, also states '16 years with the New Zealand Ordnance Survey Department' giving the impression that the firm was recently formed.

George Hare (b.1828, d.1913) was living at the Pentonville Road address in 1861, at that time he employed eight men and one boy. In 1881 he was living at 26 Calthorpe Street and employed 12 men and 3 boys. He was born in St Saviours York where he served an apprenticeship with his father (James) as a joiner, later he moved to London and worked for Ottewill. He remained there for only a year or two before setting up his own workshop. In 1867 he must have had financial problems and agreed payment terms with his creditors. He was survived by three daughters and a son James (b. 1857) who worked for Dale before emigrating to America and was a noted photographer. Some original sources give Hare's date of birth as 1825 or 1826.

Hare cameras are of the highest quality and hand-made, the timber used is usually Spanish mahogany with the screw head slots aligned. Hare sold a range of cameras but is especially noted for the '1882' folding bed model and his tailboard camera of 1878. Typically the edges of the retaining strips holding the lens panel have a flat bevel to them. He probably supplied to the trade.

Hare is listed as the maker of the Ladies' Camera, a combined camera and darkroom, patented by W.A. Brice in 1876 (BP 1050/1876).

Calthorpe St. at this time ran between Gray's Inn Rd and Phoenix Place, Lower Calthorpe ran between Phoenix Place and Farringdon Rd. Later the whole road was known as Calthorpe.

Wholesale chemists, in the 1890s they advertised the Cytox Hand camera under their own name.

Later as Dunn & Co.

Hepworth was trading from 22 Cecil Court until March 1898 when he closed his business and went to work for Maguire & Baucus. That arrangement could not have lasted long, by August 1899 he had established Hepworth & Co and was making films at Walton-on-Thames. The partnership between Cecil Milton Hepworth and Henry Vassar Lawley trading as Hepworth & Co. was dissolved in 1904. Hepworth Manufacturing Co Ltd. was registered with capital of £4,000 in 1904, the firm was wound up in 1919. C.M. Hepworth was the son of T.C. Hepworth. Hepwix was used as a trade name..

Adam Hilger Ltd. was founded in 1904. Previously Adam and Otto Hilger had been working in partnership since 1874, F. Twyman was working with them for some of that period. In 1948 they merged with E R Watts to form Hilger & Watts. H & W became part of the Rank Organisation in 1968.

Hilger produced specialised cameras for scientific use and also the Hillman colour camera.

This partnership between Henry Hill and A.L. Adams was dissolved at the end of 1892. From that time Henry Hill worked from 151 Fentiman Road, probably self-employed. Between 1892 and 1894 four patents were granted to Hill and A.L. Adams.

Camera maker, active in the late 1880s and 1890s.

Hinton describe themselves as pharmaceutical and photographic chemists. They produced a range of chemicals under their own brand name. In 1889 they advertised Newman's shutter and a little later a Thornton-Pickard or Kershaw shutter fitted with Newman's timing device, which would indicate that they had some manufacturing capability by that time. In 1892 they advertised a Half-Plate Hand & Stand Camera which looked more original than its name, in 1903 they advertised a bellows camera called the Rex and a panoramic camera, all of these were manufactured by themselves or, more likely, for them. In later years they specialised in accessories, darkroom lamps etc.

In 1901 Frederick Parsons the proprietor of the firm died and was succeeded in the business by his son F.T. Parsons.

Hockin were chemists who, in the wet-plate period, supplied photographic materials such as collodion, they also supplied equipment. The partnership between J.B. Hockin, Samuel King Wilson and Charles Hockin, trading as Hockin, Wilson & Hockin, was dissolved in 1866 when Charles H. retired.

John Brent Hockin published 'Practical Hints on Photography, its Chemistry and Manipulations', 1860.

Holden was a leading retailer of the 1950s advertising in the AP.

Established in 1884. Merged into Houghtons Ltd in 1904. Patents were in the names of Leonard Holmes, Leonard Edwin Holmes and Herbert Holmes. Holmes Brothers were the manufacturers of the Sanderson.

Advertised as manufacturers in the 1889 BJA. The partnership between Francis Holmes and William Watson was dissolved in August 1895, Watson carried on the business, probably as W. Watson, until August 1896 when he was made bankrupt.

J. and A.G. Hopkins patented a plate changing arrangement (BP 3026/1884) which was sold by them to be fitted to an existing camera or as part of their Simplex camera. They describe themselves as makers of cameras and tripods.

Hora describe themselves as photographic chemists, from around 1898 they sold cameras under their brand name of Fairfield, these were either British made field cameras or German imports. The nature of the company changed following WW1.

George Francis Horne (b.1861) was issued patents in the 1890s for a simple folding camera and a dark-slide, both of which were incorporated in Horne's Pocket Camera. In 1913 he was issued a patent for a folding magazine camera. Horne's early career was as a wood engraver, his involvement in camera manufacture or retailing started around 1896.

The Wood in the company title is E.G. Wood who was also in business under his own name in the Cheapside area. Early advertisements show they are the successors to Edward Palmer who was trading from 103 Newgate St. until around 1844. W.H. Thornthwaite worked for Palmer. Their 1852 catalogue shows them to be selling Daguerreotype and calotype equipment. The company was still trading from 416 Strand in the 1900s.

William Henry Thornthwaite (b.1819) is described as a retired optician in the 1881 census. Sons: William H.E. Thornthwaite (b.1850 or 51) and James (b.1855). Four brothers and three half brothers including Alfred T. Thornthwaite described as an optician.

Fallon Horne was another founder of the company. He exhibited at several photographic exhibitions. The death of a Fallon Horne (presumably the same) is recorded in Thanet in 1858.

A carte de visite in the collection has the address of 213 Regent Street and 121 Newgate Street. Their catalogue offers instructions in photography when equipment is purchased at the purpose-built glasshouse at 121 Newgate.

It is difficult to make complete sense of the various company names, it is known that Wood manufactured cameras, along with other scientific equipment, and also had a retail outlet under his own name. He, then, was the manufacturer for H,T & W. Thornthwaite, an optician, worked for Palmer who was a retailer of scientific and photographic equipment (Talbot bought supplies from him) prior to the formation of H,T & W, so Thornthwaite would have provided optical and retail experience to the group. Less is known about Horne but he did exhibit photographs at several leading exhibitions, oddly though, the early H,T & W catalogues mention equipment as being ' ... Horne & Co's improved ...'.

Horne & Thornthwaite was bought by James Martin in 1884 to be managed by his son G.S. Martin.

Houghtons grew out of the partnership of Antoine Claudet and George Houghton, trading in imported sheet glass and glass shades. In 1839 Claudet acquired a licence for the Daguerreotype process and, for a short time at least, the firm supplied Daguerreotype materials. When Claudet opened a photographic studio in 1841 Claudet & Houghton's involvement in the Daguerreotype probably ended. During the wet-plate period Houghtons were supplying glass plates, photograph mounts and other items including cameras, in the 1880s the firm supplied dry-plates under their own trade mark.

In 1889 a relatively new company, the Photographic Apparatus & Chemical Co., was acquired. From that time the firm expanded substantially especially in the supply of cameras. In 1899 the sensitised paper side of the London & Blackfriars Photographic Supply Co., which must have been the old Spicer Brothers operation, was acquired. By the 1900s they were leading wholesalers carrying a complete range of photographic products.

George Houghton & Son Ltd was registered on the 1st January 1903 with capital of £100,000, 20% of the shares were offered to the public.

In 1904 Spratt Brothers, Joseph Levi & Co., Holmes Brothers and Ilex Camera Works joined George Houghton to form Houghtons Ltd. Houghtons Ltd was registered in March 1904 with share capital of £175,000, the directors were: G. Houghton, M.L. Isaacs, E.W. Houghton, L.M. Isaacs, A.S.Spratt and H.J. Spratt. In 1915 the manufacturing companies in the group were separated to form, together with Butcher & Son, Houghton-Butcher Manufacturing Co.

The company merged with Butcher & Son in 1926 to form Houghton-Butcher (Great Britain) Ltd.

George Houghton (b.1836, d.1913) the chairman of Houghtons and the son of the founder joined the company in 1852. Edgar W. Houghton (grandson of founder) joined in 1887, Charles E. Houghton (grandson of founder) joined in 1890. A.S. Spratt who worked for the company died in 1908. A photograph of G. Houghton is contained in the Photographic Dealer for June 1902.

The Alliance Roll-film Camera Co. Ltd, connected with Houghtons, was wound up in 1904.

Brand names, sometimes taken from constituent companies, include: Klito (from J. Levi), Victo (G. Houghton), Holborn (G. Houghton) and Tudor (from Spratt Brothers works). The Ensign name as a trade mark was registered in 1902. The Sanderson camera was produced by Houghton and manufactured by Holmes Brothers.

Houghtons merged with Butcher & Son in 1926 to form Houghton-Butcher (Great Britain) Ltd. In September 1940 the Ensign premises in Holborn were bombed. In October 1940 the company was liquidated, the goodwill and stock was taken over by Johnsons of Hendon. Stanley Houghton and Fred Butcher, directors of Ensign, joined the board of Johnsons. Johnsons formed a company - Houghtons (Holborn) - to carry on the Ensign business with premises at 94 High Holborn, but this did not last for long. The BJA 1945 shows a photograph of the 94 & 95 High Holborn address and the 89 Holborn address.

Formed in January 1915 as the manufacturing company for Houghtons and Butcher & Son. The share capital was £70,000, the directors were E.W. Houghton, W.F. Butcher, F.W. Thompson, F.E. Butcher, I. Joseph, C.E. Houghton, G.A. Spratt and H.J. Spratt. In 1945 H-B Mfg merged with the sales division of Elliott to form Barnet Ensign.

Patented and manufactured magazine cameras, in the Pneu falling plate camera the release of the plate was connected to the shutter release. Also sold magic lantern equipment. Gave up photography in 1900 to concentrate on his motor car business. Felix William Hudlass.

After 1900 the photographic business was run by The Southport Photo Appliances Company at Phoenix Camera Works, Ivy Street, Southport.

Retailer, active throughout the 1890s, used the strapline New London Photographic Stores. A twin lens camera called the Xela was advertised.

Hughes (b.1819, d.1884) was working as assistant to Mayall in London. In the late 1840s he opened a studio in Glasgow and in 1855 he took over the Strand premises of Mayall; the Glasgow studio was then run or owned by Werge. Later studios were at Ryde.

Opticians and, later, specialist lantern suppliers. By the 1930s they were supplying condensers and lighting apparatus for projectors. William Charles Hughes.

Shown as a manufacturer of photographic apparatus and dealers in the early 1890s and before.

Specialist manufacturer of enlarging and associated equipment, founded in 1873.

Suppliers of printing and process equipment. From 1927 Hunter's became Hunter-Penrose.

The firm was formed in the early 1920s, from 1923 they were the agents for Contessa-Nettel, Kindermann and Hauff. They were the agents for Nagel from 1928 and Franke & Heidecke from 1929. The name Celfix comes from the brand name of a cine projection screen, the patent for the screen, BP 345925, was in the name of Robert Forgie Hunter, Arthur Blackburn and Hugo Nagel.

Not many cameras from this company are known. An advertisement in the BJA for 1898 claims they are manufacturers and shows a large studio camera. They almost certainly re-badged cameras from other manufacturers and developed a large wholesale/distribution business. An advertisement in 1887 by Chapman lists Hurman as their agents. The partnership between Ernest William Andrew Schumann and Frederick Kossuth Hurman trading as F.K. Hurman & Co. was dissolved in 1896. In October 1901 Hurman took over Marlow Bros. Around 1904 Hurman was acquired by Kodak (London) to form the core of Kodak's wholesale business.

F.K. Hurman was elected a member of the RPS in 1894, a photograph of him is contained in the July 1902 issue of the Photographic Dealer.

Optician and instrument maker especially of microscopes. The date of 1762 is often shown in advertisements, this refers to preceding companies rather than strictly to Husbands. Husbands worked for the instrument maker Thomas Davies King.

Following the death of Henry Husbands in 1900 the firm was run by three of his sons. The partnership between Henry James Husbands, James Wessen Husbands, and Alfred Witchell Husbands was dissolved in 1910.